TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. COMMANDS
ar(I) .......... archive and library maintainer
as(I) ............................... assembler
bas(I) .................................. basic
bc(I) arbitrary precision interactive language
cat(I) .................. concatenate and print
cc(I) .............................. C compiler
cdb(I) ............................. C debugger
chdir(I) ............. change working directory
chmod(I) .......................... change mode
cmp(I) ...................... compare two files
comm(I) ....... print lines common to two files
cp(I) .................................... copy
cref(I) .......... make cross reference listing
date(I) ................ print and set the date
db(I) ................................... debug
dc(I) ......................... desk calculator
dd(I) ................. convert and copy a file
diff(I) .......... differential file comparator
dsw(I) ................... delete interactively
du(I) .................... summarize disk usage
echo(I) ....................... echo arguments
ed(I) ............................. text editor
eqn(I) .................... typeset mathematics
exit(I) ................ terminate command file
fc(I) ........................ Fortran compiler
file(I) ................... determine file type
find(I) ............................ find files
goto(I) ...................... command transfer
grep(I) ........... search a file for a pattern
if(I) ..................... conditional command
kill(I) ................... terminate a process
ld(I) ............................. link editor
ln(I) ............................. make a link
login(I) ....................... sign onto UNIX
ls(I) .............. list contents of directory
mail(I) ......... send mail to designated users
man(I) ......... run off section of UNIX manual
mesg(I) ............... permit or deny messages
mkdir(I) ..................... make a directory
mv(I) ................... move or rename a file
neqn(I) ....... typeset mathematics on terminal
newgrp(I) ............... log in to a new group
nice(I) ......... run a command at low priority
nm(I) ......................... print name list
nohup(I) ...... run a command immune to hangups
nroff(I) .......................... format text
od(I) .............................. octal dump
opr(I) ......................... off line print
passwd(I) ............... change login password
pfe(I) ............... print floating exception
pr(I) .............................. print file
prof(I) .................. display profile data
ps(I) .......................... process status
pwd(I) ................. working directory name
rc(I) ......................... Ratfor compiler
rev(I) ................ reverse lines of a file
rm(I) ................... remove (unlink) files
rmdir(I) ..................... remove directory
roff(I) ........................... format text
sh(I) ............. shell (command interpreter)
shift(I) ............... adjust Shell arguments
size(I) ................ size of an object file
sleep(I) .... suspend execution for an interval
sort(I) ................... sort or merge files
spell(I) ................. find spelling errors
split(I) ............. split a file into pieces
strip(I) ... remove symbols and relocation bits
stty(I) ................ set typewriter options
tee(I) ........................... pipe fitting
time(I) ........................ time a command
tp(I) .......... manipulate DECtape and magtape
tr(I) ........................... transliterate
troff(I) .......................... format text
tty(I) .................... get typewriter name
typo(I) ................... find possible typos
uniq(I) ....... report repeated lines in a file
wait(I) ........... await completion of process
wc(I) .............................. word count
who(I) ................... who is on the system
write(I) ................ write to another user
yacc(I) ......... yet another compiler-compiler
II. SYSTEM CALLS
intro(II) ........ introduction to system calls
break(II) .............. change core allocation
chdir(II) ............ change working directory
chmod(II) ................. change mode of file
chown(II) .... change owner and group of a file
close(II) ........................ close a file
creat(II) ................... create a new file
csw(II) ................. read console switches
dup(II) ..... duplicate an open file descriptor
exec(II) ....................... execute a file
exit(II) .................... terminate process
fork(II) .................... spawn new process
fstat(II) ............. get status of open file
getgid(II) .......... get group identifications
getpid(II) ......... get process identification
getuid(II) ........... get user identifications
gtty(II) ................ get typewriter status
indir(II) ................ indirect system call
kill(II) ............. send signal to a process
link(II) ....................... link to a file
mknod(II) .. make a directory or a special file
mount(II) ................... mount file system
nice(II) ................. set program priority
open(II) .......... open for reading or writing
pipe(II) ....... create an interprocess channel
profil(II) ............. execution time profile
ptrace(II) ...................... process trace
read(II) ....................... read from file
seek(II) .............. move read/write pointer
setgid(II) ............... set process group ID
setuid(II) ................ set process user ID
signal(II) ............ catch or ignore signals
sleep(II) ......... stop execution for interval
stat(II) ...................... get file status
stime(II) ............................ set time
stty(II) ............... set mode of typewriter
sync(II) ................... update super-block
time(II) .................... get date and time
times(II) ................... get process times
umount(II) ............... dismount file system
unlink(II) ............. remove directory entry
wait(II) ........ wait for process to terminate
write(II) ..................... write on a file
III. SUBROUTINES
abort(III) .............. generate an IOT fault
abs(III) ....................... absolute value
alloc(III) ..................... core allocator
atan(III) ................ arc tangent function
atof(III) ........... convert ASCII to floating
atoi(III) ............ convert ASCII to integer
crypt(III) .................. password encoding
ctime(III) ..... convert date and time to ASCII
ecvt(III) ................... output conversion
end(III) ............ last locations in program
exp(III) ................. exponential function
floor(III) ........ floor and ceiling functions
fmod(III) ............ floating modulo function
fptrap(III) ........ floating point interpreter
gamma(III) ................. log gamma function
getarg(III) get command arguments from Fortran
getc(III) ...................... buffered input
getchar(III) ................... read character
getpw(III) .................. get name from UID
hmul(III) .................. high-order product
ierror(III) .............. catch Fortran errors
ldiv(III) ....................... long division
locv(III) .............. long output conversion
log(III) .................... natural logarithm
monitor(III) ........ prepare execution profile
nargs(III) ..................... argument count
nlist(III) ......... get entries from name list
perror(III) ............. system error messages
pow(III) .............. floating exponentiation
printf(III) ................... formatted print
putc(III) ..................... buffered output
putchar(III) .................. write character
qsort(III) ....................... quicker sort
rand(III) ............. random number generator
reset(III) ............. execute non-local goto
setfil(III) ......... specify Fortran file name
sin(III) .............. trigonometric functions
sqrt(III) ................ square root function
ttyn(III) ... return name of current typewriter
IV. SPECIAL FILES
cat(IV) ............. phototypesetter interface
dc(IV) ......... DC-11 communications interface
dh(IV) ....... DH-11 communications multiplexer
dn(IV) .................... DN-11 ACU interface
dp(IV) ......... DP-11 201 data-phone interface
hp(IV) ............ RH-11/RP04 moving-head disk
hs(IV) .... RH11/RS03-RS04 fixed-head disk file
ht(IV) .......... RH-11/TU-16 magtape interface
kl(IV) .. KL-11 or DL-11 asynchronous interface
lp(IV) ........................... line printer
mem(IV) ........................... core memory
pc(IV) .......... PC-11 paper tape reader/punch
rf(IV) ......... RF11/RS11 fixed-head disk file
rk(IV) .............. RK-11/RK03 (or RK05) disk
rp(IV) ............ RP-11/RP03 moving-head disk
tc(IV) ..................... TC-11/TU56 DECtape
tm(IV) .......... TM-11/TU-10 magtape interface
tty(IV) .......... general typewriter interface
V. FILE FORMATS AND CONVENTIONS
a.out(V) ..... assembler and link editor output
ar(V) ........... archive (library) file format
ascii(V) ........... map of ASCII character set
core(V) ............. format of core image file
dir(V) .................. format of directories
dump(V) .......... incremental dump tape format
fs(V) ............ format of file system volume
greek(V) graphics for extended TTY-37 type-box
group(V) ........................... group file
mtab(V) ............. mounted file system table
passwd(V) ....................... password file
tabs(V) ......................... set tab stops
tp(V) .................... DEC/mag tape formats
ttys(V) ........ typewriter initialization data
utmp(V) ...................... user information
wtmp(V) .................... user login history
VI. USER MAINTAINED PROGRAMS
azel(VI) ................ satellite predictions
bj(VI) ................. the game of black jack
cal(VI) ........................ print calendar
chess(VI) ................... the game of chess
col(VI) ............. filter reverse line feeds
cubic(VI) ....... three dimensional tic-tac-toe
factor(VI) . discover prime factors of a number
fed(VI) ............... edit form letter memory
form(VI) ................ form letter generator
graph(VI) ........................ draw a graph
gsi(VI) interpret extended character set on GSI terminal
m6(VI) ......... general purpose macroprocessor
moo(VI) ......................... guessing game
plot(VI) ..................... graphics filters
primes(VI) print all primes larger than somewhat
quiz(VI) .................. test your knowledge
sky(VI) .................... obtain ephemerides
sno(VI) .................... Snobol interpreter
speak(VI) ............ word to voice translator
spline(VI) ........... interpolate smooth curve
tbl(VI) ...... format tables for nroff or troff
tmg(VI) ..................... compiler-compiler
ttt(VI) ............... the game of tic-tac-toe
units(VI) .................. conversion program
wump(VI) .......... the game of hunt-the-wumpus
VII. USER MAINTAINED SUBROUTINES
cr(VII) ...................... coroutine scheme
ms(VII) ..... macros for formatting manuscripts
plot(VII) .................. graphics interface
salloc(VII) string allocation and manipulation
VIII. SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
ac(VIII) ..................... login accounting
bproc(VIII) ................... boot procedures
chgrp(VIII) ...................... change group
chown(VIII) ...................... change owner
clri(VIII) ....................... clear i-node
crash(VIII) what to do when the system crashes
cron(VIII) ....................... clock daemon
dcheck(VIII) file system directory consistency check
df(VIII) ............................ disk free
dpd(VIII) ................... data phone daemon
dump(VIII) ....... incremental file system dump
getty(VIII) ............... set typewriter mode
glob(VIII) ......... generate command arguments
icheck(VIII) file system storage consistency check
init(VIII) ..... process control initialization
lpd(VIII) ................. line printer daemon
mkfs(VIII) ............ construct a file system
mknod(VIII) ................ build special file
mount(VIII) ................. mount file system
ncheck(VIII) .... generate names from i-numbers
restor(VIII) .. incremental file system restore
sa(VIII) ..................... Shell accounting
su(VIII) ............... become privileged user
sync(VIII) ............. update the super block
umount(VIII) ............. dismount file system
update(VIII) periodically update the super block
wall(VIII) ................. write to all users